Elasticity: The property of a material to return to its original shape after removal of applied deforming load.
Plasticity: The property of a material to retain its deformed shape after removal of deforming load.
Strength: The property of a material to resist deformation due to an external force. Forces could be applied in various directions and vector axes leading to the following sub definitions of strength:
Tensile strength: Resists deformation from pulling apart forces parallel to a pulling axis.
Compression: Resists crushing forces parallel to a compression axis.
Shear strength: Resists deforming forces along an axis when both tensile and compression are in action resulting in a deformation that causes the material to slide over itself
Torsional strength: Resists twisting forces
Ductility: the plastic deformation that allows materials to be drawn into wires by the application of a tensile force.
Brittleness: The property of a material to break apart with little or no deformation.
Malleability: The property of a material to be shaped into thin sheets without breaking.
Stiffness: The measure of deformation of a material under an applied load.
Hardness: The property of a material to resist abrasion or scratching (mohs) or indentation (vickers).
Toughness: Ability to resist deformation from a sudden point impact i.e. absorb energy before fracture.
Fracture toughness: The ability of a material to resist crack propagation.
Fatigue resistance: Resist failure due to cyclic or repeated loading
Resilience: Capacity of a material to absorb energy up to the elastic limit without permanent deformation.
Creep resistance: Resistance to deform linearly under steady load.
Machinability: The is with which a material can be cut to form different shapes
Poisson’s ratio: ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain when a material is stretched.
